Robinson Crusoe is a novel by Daniel Defoe that was first published in 1719. Epistolary, confessional, and didactic in form, the book is a fictional autobiography of the title character—a castaway who spends 28 years on a remote tropical island near Trinidad, encountering cannibals, captives, and mutineers before being rescued. The story was perhaps influenced by Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish castaway who lived for four years on the Pacific island called "Más a Tierra" (in 1966 its name was changed to Robinson Crusoe Island), Chile. The details of Crusoe's island were probably based on the Caribbean island of Tobago, since that island lies a short distance north of the Venezuelan coast near the mouth of the Orinoco River, in sight of Trinidad. It is also likely that Defoe was inspired by the Latin or English translations of Ibn Tufail's Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, an earlier novel also set on a desert island.

《鲁滨孙漂流记》是一部家喻户晓的现实主义回忆录式冒险小说，是18世纪英国著名作家笛福受一个苏格兰水手海上遇险的经历启发写成的。笛福在书中塑造了一个勇于面对自然挑战的新型人物——鲁滨孙·克鲁索。他不屑守成，倾心开拓，三番五次地抛开小康家庭，出海闯天下。在遭遇海难流落到荒岛上以后，他运用自己的头脑和双手修建住所，种植粮食，驯养家畜，制造器具，缝纫衣服，把荒岛改造成"世外桃源"。他在海外冒险多年，经历千辛万苦，终于得到了可观的财富，回到了英国，完成了一个时代的英雄人物的创业历程。