During the 19th century the natural sciences set up a firmly established and nearly unassailable canon of knowledge that since has seemed to challenge the Christian worldview.The natural sciences deliver facts, theology mere beliefs! Is that true? A look at the long history of both disciplines, however, shows how important a common dialogue truly is. Why should genetic engineering be a problem if it can save human lives? How much grain should we be allowed to burn in our vehicles? These and other questions cannot be answered solely be referring to scientific facts or to ethical principles. Rather, theology and science must work together. But how? Hans Schwarz takes a look at the past 400 years of ongoing dialogue and explains the present state of the international controversy.