Deeply involved in the Holocaust as Heinrich Himmler's deputy for administration, Karl Wolff personally arranged for the transportation of 300,000 Jews from Poland to the Treblinka death camp in 1943. He went to trial in Germany and received a short prison sentence in 1964. But Wolff, even more than Reinhard Heydrich, could claim to enjoy Adolf Hitler's complete confidence. He was appointed SS police chief in northern Italy in 1943-1945 and ordered by the Führer himself to kidnap the Pope and the cardinals and take them to Germany. Wolff managed to talk Hitler out of the wild scheme and escaped hanging at Nuremberg by negotiating the surrender of the German armies in Italy with Allen Dulles in Switzerland.